Psychology MCAT Practice Exam

How does motivation relate to instinct according to psychological theories?

1. Motivation arises solely from learned behaviors.

2. Motivation is based on aroused internal states created by needs.

3. Motivation requires external rewards to be effective.

4. Motivation is the opposite of instinctual behavior.

The correct answer is: Motivation is based on aroused internal states created by needs.

Motivation is closely tied to the concept of instinct within psychological theories, particularly in how internal states influence behavior. The correct answer emphasizes that motivation is based on aroused internal states created by needs, reflecting the drive theory which posits that unmet physiological needs create a state of tension or arousal that motivates individuals to engage in behaviors aimed at reducing that tension. For instance, hunger drives a person to seek food, while thirst motivates them to find water. This understanding aligns with the biological perspective, where instincts are often seen as innate tendencies that guide behavior, but motivation is the dynamic force that drives individuals to satisfy needs linked to these instincts. Accordingly, the relationship between motivation and instinct highlights how biological urges can lead to motivated behaviors, driven by internal states that require fulfillment. In contrast, other options focus on elements that don’t fully grasp the relationship. For instance, claiming that motivation arises solely from learned behaviors overlooks the innate biological factors involved. Saying that motivation requires external rewards misses the intrinsic motivations that can exist independently of external pushes. Lastly, asserting that motivation is the opposite of instinctual behavior disregards the complementary nature of the two, where instincts can inform motivated actions rather than oppose them. Overall, the assertion that motivation is based on aroused